Thus, the fat cells at the centre of the graft, which are more sensitive to hypoxia, are prone to cell death. For this reason, larger grafts are at a higher risk of necrosis, since nutrients received through diffusion can only penetrate up to 1.5 mm inside the border of a fat graft. Until neovascularization is complete, fat grafts are nourished through diffusion from the receiving bed. The most important factor that promotes the survival of fat grafts is neovascularization of the grafts. ![]() The final result is associated with the density of the transferred viable cells and the ratio of graft adherence. Moreover, the lipo-contouring of the donor site may be perceived as a cosmetic advantage, which makes the procedure appealing for patients.ĭespite these advantages, the greatest disadvantage limiting the use of fat grafts is the unpredictability of the final outcome and the dependence of graft volume on fat retention and growth. ![]() An additional advantage is that fat grafting procedures can be repeated at certain time intervals. They have multiple advantages in comparison with other filling materials and implants specifically, they are biocompatible, cost-effective and can be obtained from several donor sites in the human body that are suitable for fat harvesting. Theoretically, autologous fat grafts may constitute an ideal source for the repair of congenital, developmental or acquired soft tissue defects. Although more than a century has passed since then, various problems related to fat grafts still await solutions, while numerous other questions remain unanswered. In this literature review, we aim to discuss the use of fat grafts in breast surgery by investigating these common problems.Īutologous fat transfer, which has been commonly used in plastic surgery in recent decades, was first performed by Neubauer in 1893 for the repair of facial defects. In order to use fat grafts successfully in breast surgery, it is necessary to be familiar with the structure and content of adipose tissue, the efficacy of adipose stem cell-enriched fat grafts, the oncological safety of fat grafts, and the problems that may occur in the radiological follow-up of patients who undergo fat grafting procedures. Previous studies have reported that the use of fat grafting in breast surgery is reliable, but some pending questions remain about its routine use. ![]() Since the application of fat grafting in breast surgery has steadily increased, studies investigating its reliability have simultaneously become increasingly common. In addition to its use in many surgical fields, it is also frequently used for both aesthetic and reconstructive purposes in breast surgery. Autologous fat injection was first described roughly a century ago and has been used in surgery ever since.
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